Annual strip compound efficient planting method for food|vegetable-oil|cotton

专利摘要:
The disclosure belongs to the field of agricultural technology, in particular, to an annual strip compound efficient planting method for food|vegetable-oil|cotton. According to the complementary characteristics of long-stalked and short-stalked crops of wheat| spinach and peanutllcotton, the disclosure makes full use of resources such as light and heat, which is conducive to the ventilation and light transmission of Wheat and cotton, and exerts the marginal effect of long-stalked crops, so as to realize the simultaneous planting of two crops and the annual planting of four crops for promoting the growth of various crops. With the planting mode of food|vegetable-oil|cotton, the obstacle in long-term continuous planting of single crops for cotton and peanuts is alleviated, and the annual crop rotation and change of crops are realized, which is conducive to fertilizing the soil, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in single-crop planting, and reducing the application of fertilizers, thereby improving the quality of the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development of agriculture.
公开号:NL2025584A
申请号:NL2025584
申请日:2020-05-14
公开日:2021-02-01
发明作者:Guo Feng；Wan Shubo；Wang Jianguo；Zhang Jialei；Meng Jingjing；Tang Chaohui；Li Xinguo；Yang Sha；Geng Yun；Yao Chuanxun；Meng Weiwei
申请人:Biotechnology Res Ct Shandong Academy Agricultural Sciences；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [0001] The disclosure belongs to the field of agricultural technology, in particular, to an annual strip compound efficient planting method for foodlvegetable-oillcotton. Background Art
[0002] [0002] Continuous cropping obstacles refer to the abnormal growth and development of crops caused by the continuous cultivation of the same crops or related crops on the same soil. Symptoms are generally poor growth and development, yield and quality decline, and in extreme cases, there are local dead seedlings, no seedlings or seedlings being not prosperous; most of the damaged plants have browning, reduced branching, low vitality, and narrow distribution, resulting in a decline in the ability to absorb water and nutrients. Obstacles are generally obvious in the early stages of growth, and can often be recovered to varying degrees in the later stages. Continuous cropping obstacles have significant differences among plant families and genera. Crops that are prone to continuous cropping obstacles are concentrated in Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, and Rosaceae, while a variety of gramineous food crops such as wheat, rice, and corn, the continuous cropping obstacle is not obvious. There are many reasons for continuous cropping obstacles, including excessive nutrient consumption, deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, increased pests and diseases, and accumulation of toxic substances (including allelopathy, etc.). Its occurrence is affected by various environmental conditions. The number of continuous cropping (generally, the more the number of the continuous cropping, the longer the period, the heavier the continuous cropping obstacles), the nature of the soil (usually the clay is heavier than the sand, and the cultivation in protected land is more than the cultivation m open land) and improper management of post-cropping water and fertilizer will increase the obstacles.
[0003] [0003] Cotton and peanuts are crops that avoid continuous cropping. The main problems in continuous cropping are as follows: (1) Diseases and pests are aggravated. According to incomplete statistics from the agricultural technology department of Lijin County, among the 33300 hm cotton planted in the county, the arca of repeated cropping is more than 80%, and most plots have been continuously cropped for more than 3 years. Continuous cropping is common in cotton areas. Repeated cropping and continuous cropping lead to an increase in the area of verticillium wilt, especially in the seedling stage. As an important oil crop in China, peanuts account for a large proportion of continuous cropping area. According to the survey, more than 20% of continuous cropping
[0004] [0004] (2) Premature aging increases. Due to continuous cropping for many years, increased pests and diseases and unreasonable fertilization make soil nutrients in cotton and peanut fields unbalanced. and premature aging tends to aggravate, which has a greater impact on the production of cotton and peanuts. For continuous cropping for 2 to 3 years, the average output is reduced by more than 20%, and with the increase of continuous cropping years within a certain period of time, the rate of production reduction will increase. reaching more than 50%, even some plots are close to dead in production.
[0005] [0005] (3) Ecological environment is affected. Due to many problems caused by continuous cropping, farmers will not hesitate to increase the use of pesticides and fertilizers to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in order to increase production. However, the input and output do not match the ecological environment, especially ecological environment is greatly affected. This pollutes the soil and water resources, causes soil compaction, and destroys the soil structure; meanwhile, this also has a toxic effect on beneficial organisms and adversely affects the ecological balance.
[0006] [0006] In view of the problems existed in continuous cropping for cottons and peanuts in Huang He River and Huai He River areas, the disclosure provides an annual strip compound efficient planting method for foodlvegetable-oillcotton, which is conducive to ventilation and light-transmitting of wheats and cottons, giving full play to the marginal effect of high-stem crops, and solving the continuous cropping obstacles of cottons and peanuts for long time.
[0007] [0007] An annual strip compound efficient planting method for foodlvegetable-oillcotton includes steps of: (1) dividing into two strips of equal width, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing spinach and wheat with equal width of strips in mid to early October; (2) harvesting spinach from late March to carly April of the second year, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing cotton in mid and late April; (3) after harvesting the wheat in early June, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing summer-planting peanuts right away: (4) after harvesting the cotton in mid to early October, sowing the wheat; after harvesting the peanuts, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing the spinach; (5) after harvesting spinach from late March to early April of the third vear, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing cotton in mid and late April;
[0008] [0008] Prior to the performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in the step (1), a high-quality organic fertilizer of 1500-2000 kg/acre, a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 50 kg/acre, and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of 20 kg/acre are spread.
[0009] [0009] Prior to the performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in the step (2), the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 40 kg/acre is spread.
[0010] [0010] Prior to the performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in the step (3), the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 50 kg/acre 15 spread.
[0011] [0011] To facilitate mechanized operation, the cotton is planted in 4 rows, in “wind/narrow row” mode, with a row spacing in the middle of 76cm, a row spacing on both sides of 70cm, and a plant spacing of 20cm; the peanut is planted in 6 rows (3 ridges), with a ridge spacing of 85cm, a ridge height of 10 cm, 2 rows per ridge, a narrow row spacing of 30cm, a hill distance of 15cm, and 2 per hill; a row spacing between the cotton and the peanut is 47 cm: 12 rows of the wheat are sowed at equal row spacing, with the row spacing of 18-20cm; the spinach is spread.
[0012] [0012] According to the complementary characteristics of long-stalked and short-stalked crops of wheatlspinach and peanutlcotton, the disclosure makes full use of resources such as light and heat, which is conducive to the ventilation and light transmission of wheat and cotton, and exerts the marginal effect of long-stalked crops. so as to realize the simultaneous planting of two crops and the annual planting of four crops for promoting the growth of various crops.
[0013] [0013] The disclosure has the following beneficial effects: (1) Achieve sustainable development of agriculture With the planting mode of foodlvegetable-oillcotton, the obstacle in long-term continuous planting of single crops for cotton and peanuts is alleviated, and the annual crop rotation and change of crops are realized, which is conducive to fertilizing the soil, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in single-crop planting, and reducing the application of fertilizers, thereby improving the quality of the ecological environment and achieving sustainable development of agriculture.
[0014] [0014] (2) Guaranteed output With the planting mode of foodlvegetable-oillcotton, the single planting structure of wheat- corn is changed, the problems such as caused by soil compaction, decrease in soil fertility, and
[0015] [0015] Embodiment 1 From the autumn of 2012. trial planting began in Jiangzhuang Village, Liangcun Town, Gaotang County, Shandong, with an area of 5 acre.
[0016] [0016] (1) The strip width is 5.1m, divided into two strips of 2.55m with equal width, and spinach and wheat are sown with equal width of strips in mid to early October; prior to the performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in the step (10), a high-quality organic fertilizer of 1500-2000 kg/acre, a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 50 kg/acre, and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of 20 kg/acre are spread.
[0017] [0017] In above planting method, to facilitate mechanized operation, 12 rows of wheat are sown at equal row spacing, with a row spacing of 18-20 cm. The spinach is spread.
[0018] [0018] (2) The spinach is harvested from late March to early April of the second year, and the cotton is sown in mid and late April; prior to performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 40 kg/acre is spread; after harvesting the wheat in early June, the summer-planting peanuts are sown right away, and prior to the performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 50 kg/acre is spread. After harvesting the cotton in mid to early October, the wheat is sown, and after harvesting the peanuts, the spinach is sown.
[0019] [0019] To facilitate mechanized operation, the planting method for the cotton is: the cotton is planted in 4 rows, in “wind/narrow row” mode, with a row spacing in the middle of 76cm, a row spacing on both sides of 70cm, and a plant spacing of 20cm: the peanut is planted in 6 rows (3 ridges), with a ridge spacing of 85cm, a ridge height of 10 cm, 2 rows per ridge. a harrow row spacing of 30cm. a hill distance of 15cm, and 2 per hill; a row spacing between the cotton and the peanut is 47 cm.
[0020] [0020] (3) After harvesting spinach from late March to early April of the third year, the cotton is sown in mid and late April; after harvesting the wheat in early June, the summer-planting peanuts are sown right away: after harvesting the cotton in mid to early October, the wheat is sown, and after harvesting the peanuts, the spinach is sown.
[0021] [0021] The row spacing for the crops is the same as (1) and (2).
[0022] [0022] (4) Going round and beginning again to realize the annual strip compound efficient planting for food-vegetable-oil-cotton.
[0023] [0023] The total output of wheat, cotton and peanut with alternative crop rotation is higher than the output of single-cropping of the same area, wherein the wheat production is increased by 7%, the cotton production is increased by 7.9%, and the peanut production is decreased by
[0024] [0024] Output, diseased leaf rate, population density of the crops planted in Embodiment 1 are listed as below: Table 1 Analysis of the output results of the crops planted in Embodiment 1 Cowes
[0025] [0025] The total output of wheat, cotton and peanut with alternative crop rotation is higher than the output of single-cropping of the same area, wherein the wheat and cotton output increases significantly, while the peanut production decreases slightly. In terms of the degree of occurrence of disease and insect, the total diseased leaf rate of wheat, cotton and peanut With annual alternative crop rotation is significantly lower than that of single-cropping, also for the wheat and the cotton; the total population density of three crops with annual alternative crop rotation is lower than that of single-cropping, also especially for the wheat and the cotton.
[0026] [0026] Output, diseased leaf rate, population density of the crops planted in Embodiment 2 is listed as below: 3 Table 4 Analysis of the output results of the crops planted in Embodiment 2 Cowes ea arca) Total output of Year Fresh Wheat Seed Peanut whe, Wheat Seed Peanut Total spinach cotton seed cotton output cotton and peanut Table 5 Analysis of the diseased leaf rate results of the crops planted in Embodiment 2 [eee ee ew Table 6 Analysis of the population density results of the crops planted in Embodiment 2
-8- Cees Cree eww
Wheat Peanut Wheat Peanut (/100) (/100) meter) meter) meter) meter)

权利要求:
Claims (5)
[1]
An efficient planting method of annual food crop vegetable oil cotton strip assemblies comprising the steps of: (1) dividing into two strips of equal width, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing spinach and wheat into strips of equal width in mid to early October; (2) harvesting spinach from the end of March to the beginning of April of the second year, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing cotton in mid and late April; (3) after harvesting the wheat in early June, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and sowing summer planting peanuts directly; (4) after harvesting the cotton in mid to early October, sowing the wheat; after harvesting the peanuts, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation and sowing the spinach; (5) after harvesting spinach from the end of March to the beginning of April of the third year, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation and sowing cotton in mid and late April; (6) after harvesting the wheat in early June, performing rotary tillage and soil preparation, and planting summer planting peanuts directly; (7) after harvesting the cotton in mid to early October, sowing the wheat, and after harvesting the peanuts, sowing the spinach; (8) go around and start over to realize efficient planting of annual food crop vegetable oil cotton strip assemblies.
[2]
Planting method according to claim 1, wherein prior to performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in step (1), a high performance organic fertilizer of 1500-2000 kg / acre, a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) of 50 kg / acre and a slow release nitrogen fertilizer of 20 kg / acre.
-10 -
[3]
Planting method according to claim 1, wherein prior to performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in step (2), the 40 kg / acre compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is spread.
[4]
Planting method according to claim 1, wherein prior to performing rotary tillage and soil preparation in step (3), the 50 kg / acre compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is spread.
[5]
Planting method according to claim 1, wherein, in order to facilitate machine exploitation, the cotton is planted in 4 rows, in "wind / narrow row" mode, with a row distance in the center of 76 cm, a row distance on both sides of 70 cm and a planting distance of 20 cm; the peanut is planted in 6 rows (3 rows), with a back distance of 85 cm, a back height of 10 cm, 2 rows per back, a narrow row distance of 30 cm, a hill distance of 15 cm and 2 per hill; a row distance between the cotton and the peanut 47 cm 15; Sow 12 rows of wheat at an equal row distance, with a row distance of 18-20 cm; the spinach is spread.

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CN102150541B|2010-12-17|2012-08-22|青岛农业大学|Water-saving and yield-increasing cultivation method for wheat, spinach, peanut and green Chinese onion four-harvest multiple-cropping and intercropping based on ridge-furrow structure|

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CN109042163A|2018-08-20|2018-12-21|王敏|A kind of green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation implantation methods of winter wheat|

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CN109874618A|2019-04-24|2019-06-14|四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所|A kind of novel intercropping and interplanting strip cropping method|CN111567336A|2020-05-06|2020-08-25|安徽科技学院|Planting method for interplanting various crops in wheat field|

法律状态:

优先权:

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CN201910624956.1A|CN110235711A|2019-07-11|2019-07-11|A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary|

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